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Staff and prisoners of Fremantle Prison occupied the former prison on The Terrace, Fremantle, in Western Australia, between 1855〔 〕 and 1991.〔 (Archived ) 23 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine.〕 Fremantle Prison was administered by a comptroller general, sheriff, or director, responsible for the entire convict or prison system, and a superintendent in charge of the prison itself. Prison officers, known as warders in the 19th century, guarded against escapes, enforced discipline, oversaw prisoner work, and instructed inmates in trades. Officers worked under stringent conditions until they achieved representation through the Western Australian Prison Officers Union. Convicts were initially of good character, as potential future colonists, but eventually less desirable convicts were sent, until the end of transportation in 1868. As a locally run prison, Fremantle's population was generally short-sentenced white prisoners in the 1890s, with very few Aboriginal prisoners; however, by the late 20th century, most prisoners were serving longer sentences, a higher proportion of them were violent, and Aboriginal people were over-represented. ==Administration== Western Australia's first comptroller general of convicts, Edmund Henderson, arrived in the colony with the first convicts on board ''Scindian'' in June 1850. Henderson administered Western Australia's convict establishment for thirteen years; Battye writes that "its success was no doubt due to his wisdom and tact."〔 〕 The primary responsibilities of the comptroller general were to "direct convict labour and be responsible for convict discipline". After Henderson's resignation in 1863, William Newland was appointed his successor. Newland's arrival closely followed the appointment of Governor John Hampton, who had previously been comptroller general of convicts in Van Diemen's Land.〔 Hampton assumed far more direct control of Western Australia's convict establishment than his predecessors,〔 〕 and was in perpetual disagreement with Newland.〔 As a direct consequence, Newland retired early in 1866,〔 and was recalled to Britain at the expense of the Imperial Government. While awaiting a successor to the position, Governor Hampton appointed his son, George Hampton, to act in the position. George Hampton had no particular qualifications for the position, and already held a number of salaried posts. This "unusually blatant act of nepotism" was extremely unpopular within the colony, both Hamptons thereafter being figures of public hostility and ridicule. Under George Hampton, convict discipline became extremely strict, and escape attempts increased markedly.〔 Henry Wakeford was appointed comptroller general of convicts in 1867, and the following year Governor Hampton's term ended. Wakeford reduced the size of the chain gangs, and the system returned to what it had been under Henderson.〔 In 1872 Wakeford was transferred to the Colonial Office, leaving the responsibilities of the comptroller general's position to his office's chief clerk, W. B. Fauntleroy. Fauntleroy was confirmed as acting comptroller general later that year. In December 1877 the office of comptroller general was abolished, with Fauntleroy superannuated; his duties were passed on to the superintendent, John F. Stone, who was later appointed comptroller of convicts. With the transfer of Fremantle Prison to the colonial government in 1886, the role of the comptroller was replaced by that of the sheriff, responsible for all of the prisons in the colony. By the 1890s, the sheriff also held the post of inspector of prisons.〔 〕 The position of comptroller general was split off from the sheriff's office in early 1911, following the retirement of Sheriff Octavius Burt.〔 In 1971, the Prisons Department was renamed the Department of Corrections,〔 〕 restructured, and the position of comptroller general was replaced with director of the department.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Staff and prisoners of Fremantle Prison」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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